Centrifugal pumps convert energy of an electric motor or turbine into velocity or kinetic energy and then into pressure energy of the fluid being pumped. The energy changes occur around two main parts of the pump, impeller and volute or diffuser. Pump impeller is the rotating part that converts driver energy into the kinetic energy. The volute or diffuser is the stationary part that converts the kinetic energy into pressure energy. The pump driver can be either electric motor or a steam turbine depending upon application.

When the technology is using the force of compressed air, it is know as Pneumatics and they are used to initiate mechanical effects. Hydraulic Pumps are known with system of operation that use fluids to create mechanical effects in a piping system. Pneumatic pumps, in particular, use compressed gases to create force that is used to move fluids through a piping system. Essentially, pneumatic pumps use air in the same way that hydraulic pumps use fluids. Both are capable of creating extremely amplified levels of pressure that can generate surprisingly large amounts of power.

A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation.

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